Method and terminal for measuring location of user equipment in wireless communication system

ABSTRACT

A method of measuring a location of a first user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system includes the first UE receiving predetermined information from a second UE and the first UE measuring the location of the first UE based on the predetermined information. The predetermined information includes information related to correction of a first reference signal timing difference (RSTD).

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention

The following description relates to a wireless communication system and, more particularly, to a method of measuring a location of a user equipment (UE), and the UE.

Description of the Related Art

As more communication apparatuses require larger communication capacities, there is a need for improved mobile broadband communication compared to a conventional radio access technology. In addition, massive machine type communications (mMTC) for providing various services anytime anywhere by connecting a plurality of devices and things is also one of major issues to be considered in next-generation communication. In addition, communication system design considering services/UEs sensitive to reliability and latency is being discussed. Introduction of next-generation RAT considering Enhanced mobile Broadband Communication (eMBB), mMTC, Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication (URLLC), etc. is being discussed. In this disclosure, this technology is referred to new radio (NR) for convenience. NR is an expression indicating an example of 5G radio access technology (RAT).

A new RAT system including NR uses an OFDM transmission method or a transmission method similar thereto. The new RAT system may follow OFDM parameters different from OFDM parameters of LTE. Alternatively, the new RAT system may follow numerology of existing LTE/LTE-A but may have a larger system bandwidth (e.g., 100 MHZ). Alternatively, one cell may support a plurality of numerologies. That is, user equipments (UEs) operating with different numerologies may coexist in one cell.

Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) means communication technology for exchanging information with other vehicles, pedestrians and things equipped with infrastructure through wired/wireless communication, and may include four types such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-network (V2N) and vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P). V2X communication may be provided through a PC5 interface and/or a Uu interface.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present disclosure proposes a method of removing synchronization between anchor nodes by sharing reference signal timing difference (RSTD) measurement or a time difference of arrival (TDoA) of a signal received from an anchor node between UEs and, at the same time, directly estimating a location between the UEs sharing the TDoA.

The technical problems solved by the present disclosure are not limited to the above technical problems and other technical problems which are not described herein will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following description.

In an embodiment, a method of measuring a location of a first user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system includes the first UE receiving predetermined information from a second UE and the first UE measuring the location of the first UE based on the predetermined information The predetermined information includes information related to correction of a first reference signal timing difference (RSTD).

In an embodiment, a first user equipment (UE) of a wireless communication system includes a transceiver and a processor. The processor is configured to receive predetermined information from a second UE and to measure a location of the first UE based on the predetermined information, and the predetermined information comprises information related to correction of a first reference signal timing difference (RSTD).

The information related to correction of the first RSTD may include one or more of second RSTD information of the second UE or location information of the second UE.

The first UE may remove synchronization error between anchor nodes used to measure first RSTD information based on the information related to correction of the first RSTD.

A location of the second UE may be obtained through a global positioning system (GPS).

The predetermined information may be control information including second RSTD information of the second UE, and the measuring the location of the first UE may include the first UE measuring the location of the first UE based on first RSTD information of the first UE and second RSTD information included in the predetermined information.

The first RSTD information may be information including synchronization error among a plurality of base stations, which is obtained by the first UE, and the second RSTD may be information including synchronization error among the same plurality of base stations, which is obtained by the second UE.

The measuring the location of the first UE may further include measuring the location of the first UE, by removing synchronization error among the plurality of base stations based on the first RSTD information and the second RSTD information.

The method may further include the first UE receiving a reference signal from the plurality of base stations and the first UE obtaining the first RSTD information based on the received reference signal, and the second UE may receive a reference signal from a plurality of base stations and obtain second RSTD information

The method may further include the first UE receiving location information of the second UE from the second UE, and the measuring the location of the first UE may include measuring the location of the first UE further based on the location information of the second UE.

The second UE may be a UE which obtains the location information of the second UE, a UE having positioning error less than a threshold or a fixed UE.

The method may further include the first UE obtaining altitude information of the first UE and obtaining altitude information of the second UE from the second UE, and the first UE obtaining three-dimensional location information of the first UE based on the first RSTD information, the second RSTD information, the obtained altitude information of the first UE and the altitude information of the second UE.

The first UE may obtain the altitude information of the first UE based on at least one of a pressure sensor or a barometer, and the altitude information of the second UE may be obtained by the second UE based on at least one of a pressure sensor or a barometer

The first UE may communicate with at least one of a mobile terminal, a network or an autonomous vehicle other than the device.

The first UE may implement at least one advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) function based on a signal for controlling movement of the first UE.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, as efforts and operation for synchronization of AN are not necessary, it is possible to reduce AN installation cost and complexity. In addition, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, UEs can share measured RSTD values to directly compute the locations of each other, without signaling of a network (e.g., a base station such as an eNB or gNB). In addition, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, it is possible to reduce a delay time required for a UE to report an RSTD measurement value to a network and receive a location thereof and location information of another UE again. In addition, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, it is possible to directly compute a distance from a counterpart UE by sharing an RSTD (measurement) value.

It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that that the effects that can be achieved through the present disclosure are not limited to the above-described effects and other effects which are not described herein may be understood by those skilled in the art from the following detailed description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompany drawings which are included for further understanding of the disclosure and included in this disclosure and which form part of the disclosure illustrate embodiments of the disclosure along with the detailed description that describes the principle of the disclosure.

FIG. 1 is a view showing an example of a frame structure in NR.

FIG. 2 is a view showing an example of a resource grid in NR.

FIG. 3 is a view illustrating sidelink synchronization.

FIG. 4 is a view showing a time resource unit in which a sidelink synchronization signal is transmitted.

FIG. 5 is a view showing an example of a sidelink resource pool.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating scheduling schemes according to sidelink transmission modes.

FIG. 7 is a view showing selection of sidelink transmission resources.

FIG. 8 is a view showing transmission of a sidelink PSCCH.

FIG. 9 is a view showing transmission of a PSCCH in sidelink V2X.

FIG. 10 is a view illustrating an embodiment of an observed time difference of arrival (OTDoA) positioning measurement method.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 12 is a view showing a communication system, to which an embodiment of the present disclosure applies.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating a wireless device, to which an embodiment of the present disclosure is applicable.

FIG. 14 is a view illustrating a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal, to which an embodiment of the present disclosure is applicable.

FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing a wireless device, to which an embodiment of the present disclosure is applicable.

FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing a hand-held device, to which another embodiment of the present disclosure is applicable.

FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing a vehicle or an autonomous vehicle, to which another embodiment of the present disclosure is applicable.

FIG. 18 is a view showing a vehicle, to which another embodiment of the present disclosure is applicable.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

In the disclosure, downlink (DL) refers to communication from a base station (BS) to a user equipment (UE), and uplink (UL) refers to communication from the UE to the BS. On DL, a transmitter may be a part of the BS and a receiver may be a part of the UE, whereas on UL, a transmitter may be a part of the UE and a receiver may be a part of the BS. A BS may be referred to as a first communication device, and a UE may be referred to as a second communication device in the present disclosure. The term BS may be replaced with fixed station, Node B, evolved Node B (eNB), next generation Node B (gNB), base transceiver system (BTS), access point (AP), network or 5G network node, artificial intelligence (AI) system, road side unit (RSU), robot and so on. The term UE may be replaced with terminal, mobile station (MS), user terminal (UT), mobile subscriber station (MSS), subscriber station (SS), advanced mobile station (AMS), wireless terminal (WT), device-to-device (D2D) device, vehicle, robot, AI module and so on.

The following technology may be used in various wireless access systems including code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), and single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA). CDMA may be implemented by radio technologies such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA may be implemented by radio technologies such as Global System for Mobile communications (GSM)/General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)/Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE). OFDMA may be implemented by radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20 or E-UTRA (Evolved UTRA). UTRA is part of a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) is part of an Evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using E-UTRA, and LTE-A (Advanced)/LTE-A pro is an evolved version of 3GPP LTE. New Radio or New Radio Access Technology (3GPP NR) is an evolved version of 3GPP LTE/LTE-A/LTE-A pro.

In order to clarify the description, the description is based on a 3GPP communication system (e.g., LTE-A or NR), but the technical spirit of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. LTE means technology after 3GPP TS 36.xxx Release 8. Specifically, LTE technology after 3GPP TS 36.xxx Release 10 is referred to as LTE-A and LTE technology after 3GPP TS 36.xxx Release 13 is referred to as LTE-A pro. 3GPP NR means technology after TS 38.xxx Release 15. LTE/NR may be referred to as a 3GPP system. “xxx” means a detailed standard document number. LTE/NR may be collectively referred to as a 3GPP system.

In this disclosure, a node refers to a fixed point capable of transmitting/receiving a radio signal through communication with a UE. Various types of BSs may be used as nodes regardless of the name thereof. For example, a BS, NB, eNB, pico-cell eNB (PeNB), home eNB (HeNB), relay, repeater, etc. may be a node. In addition, the node may not be a BS. For example, the node may be a radio remote head (RRH) or a radio remote unit (RRU). The RRH, the RRU, etc. generally have lower power levels than the BS. At least one antenna is installed in one node. The antenna may mean a physical antenna or may mean an antenna port, a virtual antenna or an antenna group. The node may be referred to as a point.

In the present disclosure, a cell may refer to a certain geographical area or radio resources, in which one or more nodes provide a communication service. A “cell” as a geographical area may be understood as coverage in which a service may be provided in a carrier, while a “cell” as radio resources is associated with the size of a frequency configured in the carrier, that is, a bandwidth (BW). Because a range in which a node may transmit a valid signal, that is, DL coverage and a range in which the node may receive a valid signal from a UE, that is, UL coverage depend on a carrier carrying the signals, and thus the coverage of the node is associated with the “cell” coverage of radio resources used by the node. Accordingly, the term “cell” may mean the service overage of a node, radio resources, or a range in which a signal reaches with a valid strength in the radio resources, under circumstances.

In the present disclosure, communication with a specific cell may amount to communication with a BS or node that provides a communication service to the specific cell. Further, a DL/UL signal of a specific cell means a DL/UL signal from/to a BS or node that provides a communication service to the specific cell. Particularly, a cell that provides a UL/DL communication service to a UE is called a serving cell for the UE. Further, the channel state/quality of a specific cell refers to the channel state/quality of a channel or a communication link established between a UE and a BS or node that provides a communication service to the specific cell.

A “cell” associated with radio resources may be defined as a combination of DL resources and UL resources, that is, a combination of a DL component carrier (CC) and a UL CC. A cell may be configured with DL resources alone or both DL resources and UL resources in combination. When carrier aggregation (CA) is supported, linkage between the carrier frequency of DL resources (or a DL CC) and the carrier frequency of UL resources (or a UL CC) may be indicated by system information transmitted in a corresponding cell. A carrier frequency may be identical to or different from the center frequency of each cell or CC. Hereinbelow, a cell operating in a primary frequency is referred to as a primary cell (Pcell) or PCC, and a cell operating in a secondary frequency (or SCC) is referred to as a secondary cell (Scell) or SCC. The Scell may be configured after a UE and a BS perform a radio resource control (RRC) connection establishment procedure and thus an RRC connection is established between the UE and the BS, that is, the UE is RRC_CONNECTED. The RRC connection may mean a path in which the RRC of the UE may exchange RRC messages with the RRC of the BS. The Scell may be configured to provide additional radio resources to the UE. The Scell and the Pcell may form a set of serving cells for the UE according to the capabilities of the UE. Only one serving cell configured with a Pcell exists for an RRC_CONNECTED UE which is not configured with CA or does not support CA.

A cell supports a unique radio access technology (RAT). For example, LTE RAT-based transmission/reception is performed in an LTE cell, and 5G RAT-based transmission/reception is performed in a 5G cell.

CA aggregates a plurality of carriers each having a smaller system BW than a target BW to support broadband. CA differs from OFDMA in that DL or UL communication is conducted in a plurality of carrier frequencies each forming a system BW (or channel BW) in the former, and DL or UL communication is conducted by loading a basic frequency band divided into a plurality of orthogonal subcarriers in one carrier frequency in the latter. In OFDMA or orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), for example, one frequency band having a certain system BW is divided into a plurality of subcarriers with a predetermined subcarrier spacing, information/data is mapped to the plurality of subcarriers, and the frequency band in which the information/data has been mapped is transmitted in a carrier frequency of the frequency band through frequency upconversion. In wireless CA, frequency bands each having a system BW and a carrier frequency may be used simultaneously for communication, and each frequency band used in CA may be divided into a plurality of subcarriers with a predetermined subcarrier spacing.

The 3GPP communication standards define DL physical channels corresponding to resource elements (REs) conveying information originated from upper layers of the physical layer (e.g., the medium access control (MAC) layer, the radio link control (RLC) layer, the packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, the radio resource control (RRC) layer, the service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, and the non-access stratum (NAS) layer), and DL physical signals corresponding to REs which are used in the physical layer but do not deliver information originated from the upper layers. For example, physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), physical broadcast channel (PBCH), physical multicast channel (PMCH), physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH), and physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) are defined as DL physical channels, and a reference signal (RS) and a synchronization signal are defined as DL physical signals. An RS, also called a pilot is a signal in a predefined special waveform known to both a BS and a UE. For example, cell specific RS (CRS), UE-specific RS (UE-RS), positioning RS (PRS), channel state information RS (CSI-RS), and demodulation RS (DMRS) are defined as DL RSs. The 3GPP communication standards also define UL physical channels corresponding to REs conveying information originated from upper layers, and UL physical signals corresponding to REs which are used in the physical layer but do not carry information originated from the upper layers. For example, physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), and physical random access channel (PRACH) are defined as UL physical channels, and DMRS for a UL control/data signal and sounding reference signal (SRS) used for UL channel measurement are defined.

In this disclosure, a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) may mean a set of time-frequency resources or a set of resource elements carrying downlink control information (DCI) and downlink data of a physical layer. In addition, a physical uplink control channel, a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) and a physical random access channel means a set of time-frequency resources or a set of resource elements carrying uplink control information (UCI), uplink data and random access signals of a physical layer. Hereinafter, a UE transmitting an uplink physical channel (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH or PRACH) may mean that DCI, uplink data or random access signals are transmitted over or through the uplink physical channel A BS receiving an uplink physical channel may mean that DCI, uplink data or random access signals are received over or through the uplink physical channel. A BS transmitting a downlink physical channel (e.g., PDCCH or PDSCH) is used as the same meaning as transmission of DCI or uplink data over or through the downlink physical channel A UE receiving a downlink physical channel may mean that DCI or uplink data is received over or through the downlink physical channel.

In this disclosure, a transport block is a payload for a physical layer. For example, data given to a physical layer from a higher layer or a medium access control (MAC) layer is basically referred to as a transport block.

In the present disclosure, HARQ is a kind of error control technique. A HARQ-ACK transmitted on DL is used for error control of UL data, and a HARQ-ACK transmitted on UL is used for error control of DL data. A transmitter performing an HARQ operation awaits reception of an ACK after transmitting data (e.g., a TB or a codeword). A receiver performing an HARQ operation transmits an ACK only when data has been successfully received, and a negative ACK (NACK) when the received data has an error. Upon receipt of the ACK, the transmitter may transmit (new) data, and upon receipt of the NACK, the transmitter may retransmit the data. Time delay occurs until ACK/NACK is received from a UE and retransmission data is transmitted after the BS transmits scheduling information and data according to the scheduling information. Such time delay occurs due to channel propagation delay or a time required to decode/encode data. Accordingly, when new data is transmitted after a HARQ process which is currently in progress is finished, a gap occurs in data transmission due to time delay. Accordingly, a plurality of independent HARQ processes is used to prevent a gap from occurring in data transmission during a time delay period. For example, when there are seven transmission occasions between initial transmission and retransmission, a communication device may perform data transmission without a gap by performing seven independent HARQ processes. When a plurality of parallel HARQ processes is used, UL/DL transmission may be continuously performed while waiting for HARQ feedback for previous UL/DL transmission.

In the present disclosure, CSI generically refers to information representing the quality of a radio channel (or link) established between a UE and an antenna port. The CSI may include at least one of a channel quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI), a synchronization signal block resource indicator (SSBRI), a layer indicator (LI), a rank indicator (RI), or a reference signal received power (RSRP).

In the present disclosure, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) is transmission/reception of signals/channels/users in different frequency resources, and time division multiplexing (TDM) is transmission/reception of signals/channels/users in different time resources.

In the present disclosure, frequency division duplex (FDD) is a communication scheme in which UL communication is performed in a UL carrier, and DL communication is performed in a DL carrier linked to the UL carrier, whereas time division duplex (TDD) is a communication scheme in which UL communication and DL communication are performed in time division in the same carrier.

For background technologies, terms, abbreviations used in this disclosure, refer to matters described in the standard documents published prior to the present disclosure. For example, documents corresponding to 3GPP TS 36, 24 and 38 series (http://www.3gpp.org/specifications/specification-numbering) may be referred to.

Frame Structure

FIG. 1 is a view showing an example of a frame structure in NR.

The NR system may support a plurality of numerologies. Here, the numerology may be defined by a subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix (CP) overhead. At this time, a plurality of subcarrier spacings may be derived by scaling a basic subcarrier spacing with an integer N (or μ). In addition, even if it is assumed that a very low subcarrier spacing is not used in a very high carrier frequency, a used numerology may be selected independently of the frequency band of a cell. In addition, in the NR system, various frame structures according to the plurality of numerologies may be supported.

Hereinafter, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) numerology and a frame structure which may be considered in the NR system will be described. The plurality of OFDM numerologies supported in the NR system may be defined as shown in Table 1. μ and cyclic prefix for a bandwidth part are obtained from RRC parameters provided by the BS.

TABLE 1 μ Δf = 2^(μ)*15 [kHz] Cyclic prefix (CP) 0 15 Normal 1 30 Normal 2 60 Normal, Extended 3 120 Normal 4 240 Normal

NR supports the plurality of numerologies (e.g., subcarrier spacings) supporting various 5G services. For example, when the subcarrier spacing is 15 kHz, a wide area in traditional cellular bands is supported. When the subcarrier spacing is 30 kHz/60 kHz, dense-urban, lower latency and wider carrier bandwidth are supported. When the subcarrier spacing is equal to or higher than 60 kHz, bandwidth greater than 24.25 GHz is supported to overcome phase noise.

Resource Grid

FIG. 2 is a view showing an example of a resource grid in NR.

Referring to FIG. 2, for each subcarrier spacing setting and carrier, a resource grid of N^(size,μ) _(grid)*N^(RB) _(sc) subcarriers and 14·2^(μ) OFDM symbols is defined. Here, N^(size,μ) _(grid) is indicated by RRC signaling from the BS. N^(size,μ) _(grid) may vary according to uplink and downlink as well as the subcarrier spacing setting μ. There is one resource grid for subcarrier spacing setting μ, antenna port μ and a transmission direction (uplink or downlink). Each element of the resource grid for subcarrier spacing setting p and antenna port μ is referred to as a resource element and is uniquely identified by an index pair (k,l). Here, k denotes an index in a frequency domain and l denotes a symbol location in the frequency domain relative to a reference point. A resource element (k,l) for subcarrier spacing setting p and antenna port μ correspond to physical resource and complex value a^((p,μ)) _(k,l). A resource block (RB) is defined by N^(RB) _(sc)=12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain.

Considering that the UE cannot support a wide bandwidth to be supported in the NR system at once, the UE may be configured to operate in a part of the frequency bandwidth of the cell (hereinafter referred to as a bandwidth part (BWP)).

Bandwidth Part (BWP)

In the NR system, up to 400 MHz may be supported per carrier. If a UE operating in such a wideband carrier operates in a state in which a radio frequency (RF) module for the entire carrier is always turned on, UE battery consumption may increase. Alternatively, considering various use cases (e.g., eMBB, URLLC, mMTC, V2X, etc.) in which the UE operates in one wideband carrier, different numerologies (e.g., subcarrier spacings) may be supported for each frequency band in the carrier. Alternatively, capabilities for maximum bandwidth may vary according to UE. In consideration of this, the BS may instruct the UE to operate in a partial bandwidth rather than the entire bandwidth of the wideband carrier, and the partial bandwidth may be referred to as a bandwidth part (BWP). In the frequency domain, the BWP is a subset of contiguous common resource blocks defined for numerology μi in the bandwidth part i on the carrier, and one numerology (e.g., a subcarrier spacing, a CP length, a slot/mini-slot duration) may be set.

Meanwhile, the BS may set one or more BWPs in one carrier set for the UE. Alternatively, when UEs are concentrated on a specific BWP, some UEs may move to another BWP for load balancing. Alternatively, in consideration of frequency domain inter-cell interference cancellation between neighbor cells, some spectrums of the entire bandwidth may be excluded and both BWPs of a cell may be set in the same slot. That is, the BS may set at least one DL/UL BWP for a UE associated with the wideband carrier, and at least one of DL/UL BWP(s) set at a specific time may be activated (by L1 signaling which is a physical layer control signal, a MAC control element (CE) which is a MAC layer control signal, or RRC signaling), switching to another set DL/UL BWP may be indicated (by L1 signaling, MAC CE, or RRC signaling), or a timer value may be set to switch a DL/UL BWP determined by the UE when the timer expires. The activated DL/UL BWP is particularly referred to an active DL/UL BWP. When the UE is in an initial access process or before RRC connection of the UE is established, the UE may not receive a configuration for the DL/UL BWP. In this situation DL/UL BWP assumed by the UE may be referred to as an initial active DL/UL BWP.

Synchronization Acquisition of Sidelink UE

In a time division multiple access (TDMA) and frequency division multiples access (FDMA) system, accurate time and frequency synchronization is essential. When time and frequency synchronization is not accurate, inter-symbol interference (ISI) and intercarrier interference (ICI) are caused, thereby deteriorating system performance. The same is true in V2X. In V2X, for time/frequency synchronization, a sidelink synchronization signal (SLSS) may be used in a physical layer and master information block-sidelink-V2X (MIB-SL) may be used in a radio link control (RLC) layer.

FIG. 3 is a view showing an example of a source of synchronization or a criterion of synchronization in V2X.

As shown in FIG. 3, in V2X, a UE may be directly synchronized to a global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) or may be indirectly synchronized to the GNSS through a UE directly synchronized to the GNSS (inside network coverage or outside network coverage). When the GNSS is set as a synchronization source, the UE may calculate a direct frame number (DFN) and a subframe number using coordinated universal time (UTC) and a (pre)determined DFN offset.

Alternatively, the UE may be directly synchronized to an eNB or may be synchronized to another UE time/frequency-synchronized to the eNB. For example, when the UE is located inside network coverage, the UE may receive synchronization information provided by the eNB and may be directly synchronized to the eNB. Thereafter, synchronization information may be provided to another adjacent UE. When eNB timing is set as a criterion of synchronization, for synchronization and downlink measurement, the UE may follow a cell associated with a corresponding frequency (when being inside cell coverage at the frequency) and a primary cell or a serving cell (when being outside cell coverage at the frequency).

The eNB (serving cell) may provide synchronization setting for a carrier used for V2X sidelink communication. In this case, the UE may follow synchronization setting received from the eNB. If no cell is detected in the carrier used for V2X sidelink communication and synchronization setting is not received from the serving cell, the UE may follow preset synchronization setting.

Alternatively, the UE may be synchronized to another UE which does not directly or indirectly acquire synchronization information from the eNB or the GNSS. The source and preference of synchronization may be pre-set for the UE or may be set through a control message provided by the eNB.

Now, a synchronization signal (SLSS) and synchronization information will be described.

The SLSS is a sidelink-specific sequence and may include a primary sidelink synchronization signal (PSSS) and a secondary sidelink synchronization signal (SSSS).

Each SLSS may have a physical layer sidelink synchronization Identity (ID) and the value thereof may be any one of 0 to 335. The synchronization source may be identified according to which of the above-described values is used. For example, 0, 168 and 169 may mean the GNSS, 1 to 167 may mean the eNB, and 170 to 335 may mean the outside of coverage. Alternatively, among the values of the physical layer sidelink synchronization ID, 0 to 167 may be values used by a network and 168 to 335 may be values used outside network coverage.

FIG. 4 is a view showing a time resource unit in which a sidelink synchronization signal is transmitted. Here, the time resource unit may mean a subframe in LTE/LTE-A and a slot in 5G, details of which are disclosed in 3GPP TS 36 series or 38 series. A physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) may be a channel in which basic (system) information, which should be first known to the UE before sidelink signal transmission/reception (e.g., information related to the SLSS, a duplex mode (DM), a TDD UL/DL configuration, resource pool related information, the type of an application related to the SLSS, a subframe offset, broadcast information, etc.) is transmitted (broadcast). The PSBCH may be transmitted in the same time resource unit as the SLSS or a subsequent time resource unit. The DMRS may be used for demodulation of the PSBCH.

Sidelink Transmission Mode

In sidelink, there are transmission modes 1, 2, 3 and 4.

In transmission mode 1/3, an eNB performs resource scheduling through a PDCCH (more specifically, DCI) with respect to a UE 1, and the UE 1 performs D2D/V2X communication with a UE 2 according to the resource scheduling. The UE 1 may transmit sidelink control information (SCI) to the UE 2 through a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) and then transmit data based on the SCI through a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH). Transmission mode 1 is applicable to D2D and transmission mode 3 is applicable to V2X.

Transmission mode 2/4 may be a mode in which a UE performs scheduling by itself. More specifically, transmission mode 2 is applicable to D2D and a UE may select resources by itself in a set resource pool to perform D2D operation. Transmission mode 4 is applicable to V2X and a UE may select resources by itself within a selection window through a sensing process and then perform V2X operation. The UE 1 may transmit SCI to the UE 2 through a PSCCH and then transmit data based on the SCI through a PSSCH. Hereinafter, the transmission mode may be briefly referred to as a mode.

Control information transmitted from the eNB to the UE through the PDCCH may be referred to as downlink control information (DCI) and control information transmitted from the UE to another UE through a PSCCH may be referred to as SCI. The SCI may deliver sidelink scheduling information. The SCI may have various formats, for example, SCI format 0 and SCI format 1.

SCI format 0 may be used for scheduling of the PSSCH. SCI format 0 may include a frequency hopping flag (1 bit), a resource block allocation and hopping resource allocation field (the number of bits may vary depending on the number of resource blocks of sidelink), a time resource pattern (7 bits), modulation and coding scheme (MCS) (5 bits), time advance indication (11 bits), a group destination ID (8 bits), etc.

SCI format may be used for scheduling of the PSSCH. SCI format 1 includes priority (3 bits), resource reservation (4 bits), frequency resource locations of initial transmission and retransmission (the number of bits may vary according to the number of subchannels of sidelink), a time gap between initial transmission and retransmission (4 bits), MCS (5 bits), a retransmission index (1 bit), reserved information bit, etc. Hereinafter, the reserved information bit may be briefly referred to as a reserved bit. The reserved bit may be added until the bit size of SCI format 1 becomes 32 bits.

SCI format 0 may be used in transmission modes 1 and 2 and SCI format 1 may be used in transmission modes 3 and 4.

Sidelink Resource Pool

FIG. 5 shows an example of a first UE (UE1), a second UE (UE2) and a resource pool used by UE1 and UE2 performing sidelink communication. In FIG. 5(a), a UE corresponds to a terminal or such a network device as an eNB transmitting and receiving a signal according to a sidelink communication scheme. A UE selects a resource unit corresponding to a specific resource from a resource pool corresponding to a set of resources and the UE transmits a sidelink signal using the selected resource unit. UE2 corresponding to a receiving UE receives a configuration of a resource pool in which UE1 is able to transmit a signal and detects a signal of UE1 in the resource pool. In this case, if UE1 is located at the inside of coverage of an eNB, the eNB may inform UE1 of the resource pool. If UE1 is located at the outside of coverage of the eNB, the resource pool may be informed by a different UE or may be determined by a predetermined resource. In general, a resource pool includes a plurality of resource units. A UE selects one or more resource units from among a plurality of the resource units and may be able to use the selected resource unit(s) for sidelink signal transmission. FIG. 5(b) shows an example of configuring a resource unit. Referring to FIG. 5(b), the entire frequency resources are divided into the NF number of resource units and the entire time resources are divided into the NT number of resource units. In particular, it is able to define NF*NT number of resource units in total. In particular, a resource pool may be repeated with a period of NT time resource units. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5, one resource unit may periodically and repeatedly appear. Or, an index of a physical resource unit to which a logical resource unit is mapped may change with a predetermined pattern according to time to obtain a diversity gain in time domain and/or frequency domain. In this resource unit structure, a resource pool may correspond to a set of resource units capable of being used by a UE intending to transmit a sidelink signal.

A resource pool may be classified into various types. First of all, the resource pool may be classified according to contents of a sidelink signal transmitted via each resource pool. For example, the contents of the sidelink signal may be classified into various signals and a separate resource pool may be configured according to each of the contents. The contents of the sidelink signal may include a scheduling assignment (SA or physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH)), a sidelink data channel, and a discovery channel. The SA may correspond to a signal including information on a resource position of a sidelink data channel, information on a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) necessary for modulating and demodulating a data channel, information on a MIMO transmission scheme, information on a timing advance (TA), and the like. The SA signal may be transmitted on an identical resource unit in a manner of being multiplexed with sidelink data. In this case, an SA resource pool may correspond to a pool of resources that an SA and sidelink data are transmitted in a manner of being multiplexed. The SA signal may also be referred to as a sidelink control channel or a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). The sidelink data channel (or, physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH)) corresponds to a resource pool used by a transmitting UE to transmit user data. If an SA and a sidelink data are transmitted in a manner of being multiplexed in an identical resource unit, sidelink data channel except SA information may be transmitted only in a resource pool for the sidelink data channel In other word, REs, which are used to transmit SA information in a specific resource unit of an SA resource pool, may also be used for transmitting sidelink data in a sidelink data channel resource pool. The discovery channel may correspond to a resource pool for a message that enables a neighboring UE to discover transmitting UE transmitting information such as ID of the UE, and the like.

Although contents of sidelink signal are identical to each other, it may use a different resource pool according to a transmission/reception attribute of the sidelink signal. For example, in case of the same sidelink data channel or the same discovery message, the sidelink data channel or the discovery signal may be classified into a different resource pool according to a transmission timing determination scheme (e.g., whether a sidelink signal is transmitted at the time of receiving a synchronization reference signal or the timing to which a prescribed timing advance is added) of a sidelink signal, a resource allocation scheme (e.g., whether a transmission resource of an individual signal is designated by an eNB or an individual transmitting UE selects an individual signal transmission resource from a pool), a signal format (e.g., number of symbols occupied by a sidelink signal in a time resource unit, number of time resource units used for transmitting a sidelink signal), signal strength from an eNB, strength of transmit power of a sidelink UE, and the like. For clarity, a method for an eNB to directly designate a transmission resource of a sidelink transmitting UE is referred to as a mode 1 (mode 3 in case of V2X). If a transmission resource region is configured in advance or an eNB designates the transmission resource region and a UE directly selects a transmission resource from the transmission resource region, it is referred to as a mode 2 (mode 4 in case of V2X). In case of performing sidelink discovery, if an eNB directly indicates a resource, it is referred to as a type 2. If a UE directly selects a transmission resource from a predetermined resource region or a resource region indicated by the eNB, it is referred to as type 1.

In V2X, sidelink transmission mode 3 based on centralized scheduling and sidelink transmission mode 4 based on distributed scheduling are available.

FIG. 6 illustrates scheduling schemes according to these two transmission modes. Referring to FIG. 6, in transmission mode 3 based on centralized scheduling, when a vehicle requests sidelink resources to an eNB (S901 a), the eNB allocates the resources (S902 a), and the vehicle transmits a signal in the resources to another vehicle (S903 a). In the centralized transmission scheme, resources of another carrier may be also scheduled. In distributed scheduling corresponding to transmission mode 4 illustrated in FIG. 6(b), a vehicle selects transmission resources (S902 b), while sensing resources preconfigured by the eNB, that is, a resource pool (S901 b), and then transmits a signal in the selected resources to another vehicle (S903 b).

At this time, as shown in FIG. 7, in selection of transmission resources, a method of reserving transmission resources of a next packet is used. In V2X, transmission is performed twice for each MAC PDU and resources for retransmission are reserved at a certain time gap when resources for initial transmission are selected. A UE may grasp transmission resources reserved by other UEs or resources used by other UEs through sensing in a sensing window and randomly select resources from resources with little interference among the remaining resources after excluding the used resources from the selection window.

For example, the UE may decode a PSCCH including information on the period of reserved resources in the sensing window and measure a PSCCH RSRP in the resources periodically determined based on the PSCCH. Resources in which the PSSCH RSRP value exceeds a threshold may be excluded from the selection window. Thereafter, sidelink resources may be randomly selected from the remaining resources in the selection window.

Alternatively, received signal strength indication (RSSI) of periodic resources may be measured in the sensing window to grasp resources with little interference corresponding to the bottom 20%. In addition, sidelink resources may be randomly selected from the resources included in the selection window among the periodic windows. For example, when decoding of the PSCCH fails, such a method may be used.

For a detailed description thereof, refer to Section 14 of 3GPP TS 36.213 V14.6.0 document, which is incorporated herein as the related art of the present disclosure.

Transmission/Reception of PSCCH

Sidelink transmission mode 1 UE may transmit a PSCCH (or sidelink control signal or sidelink control information (SCI)) through resources configured by an eNB. Sidelink transmission mode 2 UE may receive resources which are configured by the eNB to be used for sidelink transmission. In addition, time/frequency resources may be selected from the configured resources to transmit a PSCCH.

In sidelink transmission mode 1 or 2, a PSCCH period may be defined as shown in FIG. 8.

Referring to FIG. 8, a first PSCCH (or SA) period may start in a time resource unit separated from a specific system frame by a predetermined offset indicated by higher layer signaling. Each PSCCH period may include a PSCCH resource pool and a time resource unit pool for sidelink data transmission. The PSCCH resource pool may include a last time resource unit among time resource units indicated as transmission of a PSCCH in a time resource unit bitmap from a first time resource unit of a PSCCH period. In a resource pool for sidelink data transmission, in the case of mode 1, a time resource unit used for actual data transmission may be determined by applying time-resource pattern for transmission (T-RPT) or time-resource pattern (TRP). As shown in the figure, if the number of time resource units included in the PSCCH period excluding the PSCCH resource pool is greater than the number of T-RPT bits, T-RPT is repeatedly applicable and last applied T-RPT may be truncated by the number of remaining resource units and applied. A transmission UE performs transmission at a location where a T-RPT bitmap is 1 in the indicated T-RPT, and one MAC PDU is transmitted four times.

In the case of V2X, that is, sidelink transmission mode 3 or 4, unlike sidelink, a PSCCH and data (PSSCH) are transmitted using a FDM scheme. In V2X, because of the characteristics of vehicle communication, it is important to reduce delay. To this end, the PSCCH and data are FDM-transmitted on different frequency resources on the same time resources. FIG. 9 shows an example of such a transmission scheme. Any one of a scheme in which the PSCCH and the data are not directly contiguous as shown in FIG. 9(a) or a scheme in which the PSCCH and the data are directly contiguous as shown in FIG. 9(b) may be used. The basic unit of such transmission is a subchannel. The subchannel is a resource unit having a size of one or more RBs on a frequency axis on a predetermined time resource (e.g., a time resource unit). The number of RBs included in the subchannel, that is, the size of the subchannel and the start location on the frequency axis of the subchannel are indicated through higher layer signaling.

Meanwhile, in vehicle-to-vehicle communication, a periodic message type cooperative awareness message (CAM), an event triggered message type decentralized environmental notification message (DENM), etc. may be transmitted. The CAM may include vehicle dynamic state information such as a direction and a speed, vehicle static data such as dimensions and basic vehicle information such as external lighting states and a route history. The size of the CAM may be 50 to 300 bytes. The Cam may broadcast and latency needs to be less than 100 ms. The DENM may be generated in unexpected situations such as vehicle breakdown or accidents. The size of the DENM may be less than 3000 bytes, and all vehicles in a transmission range may receive the message. At this time, the DENM may have higher priority than the CAM. The message having higher priority may mean that the message having higher priority is preferentially transmitted when two messages need to be simultaneously from the viewpoint of one UE or mean that a message having higher priority among several messages is preferentially transmitted in terms of time. From the viewpoint of several UEs, a message having higher priority has less interference than a message having lower priority, thereby decreasing a reception error probability. Even in the CAM, the size of the message when security overhead is included may be larger than that of the message when security overhead is not included.

Sidelink Congestion Control

A sidelink communication wireless environment may be easily congested according to the density of vehicles, an increase in the amount of transmitted information, etc. At this time, various methods are applicable in order to reduce congestion. As an example, there is distributive congestion control.

In distributive congestion control, a UE grasps a congestion situation of a network and performs transmission control. At this time, congestion control considering priority of traffic (e.g., packets) is necessary.

Specifically, each UE measures a channel busy ratio (CBR) and determines a maximum value CRlimitk of a channel utilization CRk for each traffic priority (e.g., k) according to the CBR. For example, the UE may derive the maximum value CRlimitk of the channel utilization for each traffic priority based on the CBR measurement value and a predetermined table. In the case of traffic having relatively high priority, a larger maximum value of the channel utilization may be derived.

Thereafter, the UE may perform congestion control by limiting the total sum of the channel utilization of traffics having priority k lower than i to a certain value or less. According to this method, the channel utilization of traffics having relatively lower priorities is more strictly limited.

Besides, the UE may use size adjustment of transmit power, packet drop, determination of retransmission, transmission RB size adjustment (MCS adjustment), etc.

5G Use Cases

Three main requirement areas of 5G include (1) an enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) area, (2) a massive machine type communication (mMTC) area and (3) an ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC) area.

Some use cases may require a plurality of areas for optimization and the other use cases may focus upon only one key performance indicator (KPI). 5G supports various use cases using a flexible and reliable method.

eMBB is much superior to basic mobile Internet access and covers media and entertainment applications in rich interactive work, cloud or augmented reality. Data is one of key powers of 5G and, in the 5G era, a dedicated voice service cannot be seen for the first time. In 5G, voice is expected to be processed as an application program simply using data connection provided by a communication system. Main causes for increased traffic volume is an increase in the number of applications requiring a high data transfer rate and an increase in the size of content. Streaming services (audio and video), interactive videos and mobile Internet connections will be more widely used as more devices are connected to the Internet. Such many application programs require always-on connectivity in order to push real-time information and notification to users. Cloud storage and applications are rapidly increasing in mobile communication platforms, which are applicable to both work and entertainment. In addition, cloud storage is a special use case of leading growth of an uplink data transfer rate. 5G is also used for remote work in the cloud, and requires much lower end-to-end latency to maintain a good user experience when tactile interfaces are used. Entertainment, for example, cloud gaming and video streaming, is another key element for increasing the demand for mobile broadband capabilities. Entertainment is essential on smartphones and tablets at some places including a high mobility environment, such as trains, cars and airplanes. Another use case is augmented reality and information retrieval for entertainment. Herein, augmented reality requires very low latency and an instantaneous amount of data.

In addition, one of the most expected 5G use cases relates to a function capable of smoothly connecting embedded sensors in all fields, that is, mMTC. The number of potential IoT devices are expected to reach 20.4 billion by 2020. Industrial IoT is one of areas where 5G plays major roles in enabling smart cities, asset tracking, smart utilities, agriculture and security infrastructure.

URLLC includes new services which will change the industry through ultra reliability/available low latency links, such as remote control of important infrastructure and self-driving vehicles. The level of reliability and latency is essential for smart grid control, industrial automation, robotics and drone control and adjustment.

Next, a plurality of use cases related to 5G will be described in greater detail.

5G provides a stream rated from hundreds of megabits per second to gigabits per second and may complement fiber-to-the home (FTTH) and cable-based broadband (or DOCSIS). This high speed is required for transmission to TVs with resolution of 4K or higher (6K, 8K and higher) as well as virtual reality and augmented reality. Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) applications include immersive sports events. Certain application programs may require special network settings. For example, in the case of VR games, game companies may need to integrate core servers with edge network servers of network operators in order to minimize latency.

Automobile is expected to be new important power in 5G along with many use cases for mobile communication of vehicles. For example, entertainment for passengers requires simultaneous high capacity and high mobile broadband. This is because future users will continue to expect high-quality connection regardless of the positions and speeds thereof. Another use case of the automotive field is an augmented reality dashboard. This identifies an object in the dark on top of what a driver sees through a windshield and displays the distance and movement of the object on information given to the driver. In the future, a wireless module will enable communication between vehicles, exchange of information between a vehicle and supporting infrastructure and exchange of information between a vehicle and other connected devices (e.g., devices carried by pedestrians). A safety system may lower the risk of accidents by guiding alternative courses of action to enable safer driving of the driver. A next step will be remote control or a self-driven vehicle. This requires very reliable and very fast communication between different self-driven vehicles and between a vehicle and infrastructure. In the future, a self-driven vehicle will perform all driving activities and a driver will focus only on traffic which cannot be identified by the vehicle itself. Technical requirements of the self-driven vehicle require ultra-low latency and ultrahigh-speed reliability to increase traffic safety to a level which cannot be achieved by human.

Smart cities referred to as smart society and smart home will be embedded with a high-density wireless sensor networks. Distributive networks of intelligent sensors will identify conditions for cost and energy-efficient maintenance of cities and home. Similar settings may be done for each home. Temperature sensors, window and heater controllers, burglar alarms and appliances are all wirelessly connected. Many of such sensors typically have low data transfer rates, low power and low cost. However, for example, real-time HD video may be required for a specific type of devices for surveillance.

Consumption and distribution of energy including heat or gas is highly decentralized and thus automated control of distributive sensor networks is required. In smart grid, such sensors are interconnected using digital information and communication technologies to collect information and act accordingly. This information may include behaviors of suppliers and consumers, allowing smart grid to improve efficiency, economics, sustainability of production and distribution of fuels such as electricity in an automated manner Smart grid may be regarded as another low-latency sensor network.

Heath sector has many application programs which may receive benefit of mobile communication. A communication system may support a remote medical service for providing clinical care far away. This may held in reducing barriers to distance and improve access to medical services which cannot be consistently available in remote rural areas. This is also used to save lives in critical medical treatment and emergencies. A wireless sensor network based on mobile communication may provide sensors and remote monitoring of parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure.

Wireless and mobile communication is becoming increasingly important in the industrial application fields. Wiring has high installation and maintenance costs. Accordingly, the possibility of replacing cables with reconfigurable wireless links is an attractive opportunity in many industries. However, achieving this requires wireless links which operate with latency, reliability and capacity similar to that of the cables, and simplified management. Low latency and very low error probability are new requirements for 5G connection.

Logistics and freight tracking are important use cases of mobile communication that enable tracking of package and inventory anywhere using a location-based information system. The use cases of logistics and freight tracking typically require low data rate but require a wide range and reliable location information.

Positioning Measurement Method

Examples of the positioning measurement methods supported by NG-RAN may include GNSS, OTDoA, E-CID (enhanced cell ID), barometric sensor positioning, WLAN positioning, Bluetooth positioning and terrestrial beacon system (TBS), uplink time difference of arrival (UTDoA), etc. The location of the UE may be measured using any one of the positioning measurement methods or may be measured using two or more positioning measurement methods.

(1) OTDoA (Observed Time Difference of Arrival)

FIG. 10 is a view illustrating an embodiment of an observed time difference of arrival (OTDoA) positioning measurement method. In the OTDoA positioning measurement method, a UE uses timings of measurement of downlink signals received from a plurality of TPs including an eNB, an ng-eNB and a PRS dedicated TP. The UE measures timings of received downlink signals using location assistance data received from a location server. In addition, the location of the UE may be determined based on the measurement result and geographical coordinates of neighboring TPs.

A UE connected to a gNB may request a measurement gap for OTDoA measurement from a TP. If the UE does not recognize SFN for at least one TP in the OTDoA assistance data, the UE may use an autonomous gap in order to obtain the SFN of an OTDoA reference cell before requesting a measurement gap for performing reference signal time difference (RSTD) measurement.

Here, the RSTD may be defined based on a smallest relative time difference between boundaries of two subframes respectively received from a reference cell and a measurement cell. That is, this may be calculated based on a relative time difference between start times of subframes of reference cells closest to the start time of a subframe received from the measurement cell. Meanwhile, the reference cell may be selected by the UE.

For accurate OTDoA measurement, it is necessary to measure times of arrival (ToAs) of signals received from three or more TPs or base stations dispersed geographically. For example, ToAs for TP 1, TP 2 and TP 3 may be measured, RSTD for TP 1−TP2, RSTD for TP 2−TP 3 and RSTD for TP 3−TP 1 may be calculated based on the three ToAs, a geometric hyperboloid may be determined based on the same, and a point where the hyperboloids intersect may be estimated as the location of the UE. At this time, accuracy and/or uncertainty of each ToA measurement may occur, and thus the estimated location of the UE may be known in a specific range according to measurement uncertainty.

For example, the RSTD for two TPs may be calculated based on Equation 1 below.

$\begin{matrix} {{RSTDi},{1 = {\frac{\sqrt{\left( {x_{t} - x_{i}} \right)^{2} + \left( {y_{t} - y_{i}} \right)^{2}}}{c} - \frac{\sqrt{\left( {x_{t} - x_{1}} \right)^{2} + \left( {y_{t} - y_{1}} \right)^{2}}}{c} + \left( {T_{i} - T_{1}} \right) + \left( {n_{i} - n_{1}} \right)}}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 1} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

where, c denotes the speed of light, {x_(t), y_(t)} denotes the (unknown) coordinates of a target UE, {x_(i), y_(i)} denotes the coordinates of a (known) TP, and {x_(i), y_(i)} may denote the coordinates of a reference TP (or another TP). (T_(i)−T₁) is a transmission time offset between two TPs and may be referred to as “Real Time Differences” (RTDs), and n_(i) and n₁ may represent a value related to UE TOA measurement error.

(2) E-CID (Enhanced Cell ID)

In the cell ID (CID) positioning measurement method, the location of the UE may be measured through geographic information of the serving ng-eNB, serving gNB and/or serving cell of the UE. For example, geographic information of the serving ng-eNB, the serving gNB and/or the serving cell may be obtained through paging, registration, etc.

Meanwhile, the E-CID positioning measurement method may use additional UE measurement and/or NG-RAN radio resource for improving the UE location estimate in addition to the CID positioning measurement method. In the E-CID positioning measurement method, some of the same measurement methods as the measurement control system of RRC protocol may be used. However, in general, additional measurement is not performed for only the location measurement of the UE. In other words, in order to measure the location of the UE, separate measurement configuration or measurement control message may not be provided, the UE may also not expect that additional measurement operation for only location measurement is requested, and the UE may report a measurement value obtained through generally measurable measurement methods.

For example, the serving gNB may implement the E-CID positioning measurement method using an E-UTRA measurement value provided by the UE.

Examples of measurement elements which may be used for E-CID positioning are as follows.

-   -   UE measurement: E-UTRA RSRP (Reference Signal Received Power),         E-UTRA RSRQ (Reference Signal Received Quality), UE E-UTRA Rx-Tx         Time difference, GERAN/WLAN RSSI (Reference Signal Strength         Indication), UTRAN CPICH (Common Pilot Channel) RSCP (Received         Signal Code Power), UTRAN CPICH Ec/Io     -   E-UTRAN measurement: ng-eNB Rx-Tx Time difference, Timing         Advance T_(ADV), Angle of Arrival (AoA)

Here, T_(ADV) may be divided into Type 1 and Type 2 as follows.

T _(ADV) Type 1=(ng-eNB Rx-Tx time difference)+(UE E-UTRA Rx-Tx time difference)

T _(ADV) Type 2=ng-eNB Rx-Tx time difference

Meanwhile, AoA may be used to measure the direction of the UE. AoA may be defined as an estimated angle for the location of the UE in a counterclockwise direction from the base station/TP. At this time, a geographical reference direction may be north. The base station/TP may use an uplink signal such as a sounding reference signal (SRS) and/or a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for AOA measurement. In addition, as an antenna array increases, measurement accuracy of AoA increases. When the antenna arrays are arranged at the same interval, signals received by adjacent antenna elements may have a constant phase-rotate.

(3) UTDOA (Uplink Time Difference of Arrival)

UTDOA is a method of determining the location of a UE by estimating a time of arrival of an SRS. When the estimated time of arrival of SRS is calculated, a serving cell is used as a reference cell and the location of the UE may be estimated through a time difference of arrival with another cell (or a base station/TP). In order to implement UTDOA, an E-SMLC may indicate a serving cell of a target UE to indicate SRS transmission to the target UE. In addition, the E-SMLC may provide configurations such as whether the SRS is periodic or aperiodic, bandwidth and frequency/group/sequence hopping.

Embodiment

The present disclosure proposes a method of more efficiently performing location measurement between UEs by removing synchronization error between fixed nodes in the positioning method of the UE. The present disclosure deals with matters applicable to a wireless communication system and, more particularly, a 3GPP based wireless communication system. More specifically, the present disclosure deals with matters for transmission/reception processes in sidelink performing communication between UEs. However, the present disclosure is not limited to the corresponding system and the subject matter is applicable to other communication systems.

In a cellular communication system, various methods of detecting and tracking locations of individual UEs by a base station or a UE are supported. As a general method, a method of obtaining information on distances between known base stations and a UE (e.g., distances between a UE and individual base stations are directly used (e.g., round trip time (RTT) or difference information of distances between a UE and base stations (e.g., TDOA (time difference of arrival) may be used) and detecting the location of the UE using the same is used. To this end, in an LTE system, a positioning reference signal (PRS) for enabling the UE to derive a reception time from the base station with high reliability is defined, and the UE may perform measurement and report of an observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA) (corresponding to the TDOA for a PRS signal) using the PRS. In order for the base station to perform similar operation, in the LTE system, measurement of uplink time difference of arrival (corresponding to the TDOA for an uplink signal) is defined, and a sound reference signal is used. SRS is in a broadband and configuration of a transmit frequency band is possible. When each base station measures TOA using the same, it is possible to measure TOA with high accuracy if signal quality is good.

In the case of OTDOA, when there is synchronization error between fixed nodes (base stations such as eNBs or gNBs or relay nodes), positioning error increases.

Based on this, the present disclosure proposes a method of removing synchronization error between fixed nodes by sharing RSTD measurement results between UEs and efficiently performing positioning between UEs.

A UE receives a predetermined reference signal (which may also be referred to as a positioning reference signal (PRS) and may collectively include reference signals transmitted by a fixed node or a UE for the purpose of positioning) from a fixed node (e.g., a base station, an RSU, a relay, etc.) and calculates PRS reception time difference between the fixed nodes. At this time, when there is synchronization error between fixed nodes, positioning accuracy of a UE is lowered. In particular, very precise synchronization between fixed nodes is necessary for high-precision positioning. For example, only synchronization error of 10 ns may cause positioning error of 3 meters. However, operation for performing precise synchronization between fixed nodes by wire may significantly increase installation cost. In addition, there may be synchronization error which cannot be technically removed, such as cabling loss. The present disclosure proposes a method of calculating a differential RSTD by sharing RSTD measurement results between UEs and removing synchronization between fixed nodes using the same to more precisely measure a location of a UE.

The present disclosure proposes a method of removing synchronization between anchor nodes by sharing reference signal timing difference (RSTD) measurement or a time difference of arrival (TDoA) of a signal received from an anchor node between UEs and, at the same time, directly estimating a location between the UEs sharing the TDoA.

For convenience of description, several terms and variables are defined.

-   -   Anchor node (AN): This is a node, a location of which is fixed,         or accurate location information of which is known. When a         moving UE knows the location of the anchor node in advance or         when measurement information of a UE is signaled to a specific         node, it may be assumed that the specific node knows the         location of the anchor node. For example, the AN may be a base         station or a UE. The AN may be a UE at the beginning of         installation and then may be a base station connected to a         network through wireless backhaul after estimating the location         thereof from another AN.     -   UE: This may include a mobile device, a user equipment, a         hand-held device, a mobile equipment and/or a vehicle device.         This is a UE for measuring the location thereof by transmitting         and receiving a signal to and from a AN. This may be a hand-held         UE used by a pedestrian, a vehicle, or a specific type of node         (e.g., a wireless AP, a wireless relay, etc.), a location of         which is not determined but is fixed.     -   Location server: This may be a physical or logical entity (e.g.,         E-SMLC or SUPL SLP) for managing positioning for a UE, by         obtaining measurements and other location information and         providing a UE with information assisting the same (e.g.,         assistance data). In addition, the location server may         calculate, determine and predict the last location of the UE.         For example, the location server may calculate TDoA from ToA.     -   PRS: This may be a signal transmitted by a AN for positioning.         This signal is referred to as a positioning reference signal         (PRS), for convenience of description. The PRS may be         transmitted in antenna port 6. The PRS may not be mapped to         resource elements allocated to a PBCH, PSS or SSS regardless of         the antenna port. The PRS is transmitted in predefined         positioning subframes grouped by several consecutive subframes         NPRS, which is referred to as positioning occasion. The         positioning occasion may be periodically generated for each         specific period TPRS.     -   RSTD (reference signal timing difference): A UE receives         assistance data from a base station, receives PRSs from a         reference cell and neighboring cells using the assistance data,         and computes and transmits a reference signal time difference         (hereinafter referred to as “RSTD”) between the reference cell         and the neighboring cells to a serving base station. Then, the         serving base station transmits the RSTD to a location server,         and the location server determines the location of the UE using         the RSTD. The RSTD means a relative timing distance between the         reference cell and the neighboring cell and is defined by         Equation 2 below.

STD=TsubframeRxj−TsubframeRxi  [Equation 2]

where, TsubframeRxj denotes a time when a UE receives a start point of one subframe from a neighboring cell j, and TsubframeRxi is a time when the UE receives, from a reference cell I, a start point of one subframe closest to one subframe received from the cell j.

The reference cell and the neighboring cells may transmit PRSs at a similar time and, when the reference cell and the neighboring cells may transmit PRSs at the similar time, a difference between a point in time when the UE receives the PRS from the reference cell and a point in time when the PRS is received from each of the plurality of neighboring cells is in a certain time range. For example, a difference between the point in time when the UE receives the PRS from the reference cell and the point in time when the PRS is received from each of the plurality of neighboring cells may be in one subframe. Then, in the definition of the RSTD, when one subframe received by the UE from the neighboring cell j is a first subframe of PRS positioning occasions of the neighboring cell j, one subframe received from a cell i closest to one subframe received from the cell j is a first subframe of PRS positioning occasions of the reference cell i. At this time, PRS positioning occasions mean consecutive downlink subframes, to which the PRS is allocated. Accordingly, the RSTD is a difference between a point in time when the PRS is received from the neighboring cell j and a point in time when the PRS is received from the reference cell i. At this time, the point in time when the PRS is received from a specific cell is referred to as a time of arrival (hereinafter referred to as “ToA”) of the PRS.

-   -   TDoA (time of difference of arrival) is technology for         generating several hyperboloids by a value obtained by measuring         signal delay of neighboring base station based on a service base         station and measuring a time difference of arrival of a service         base station signal and a neighboring base station signal, and         estimating an intersection between the hyperboloids as the         location of the UE. TDoA of at least three transmitters is         necessary to compute the accurate location of a receiver using         the intersection of three (or more) hyperboloids.     -   OTDoA (observed time difference of arrival) is a downlink         positioning method in LTE. This method includes a process of         measuring arrival times (e.g., a time of arrival (TOA)) of         signals received by a UE from a plurality of base stations. A         process of subtracting each of TOAs of signals received from a         plurality of base stations from a TOA of a signal received from         a reference base station (e.g., a service base station) is         included. Geometrically, each time (or range) difference         determines hyperboloids and an intersection between the         hyperboloids is a desired UE location. At least three timing         measurements from geographically dispersed base stations having         a good geometric structure are necessary to solve two         coordinates (x, y or latitude/longitude) of the UE. The         estimated UL location is an intersection area between two         hyperboloids.     -   In order to estimate the location of the UE, the AN may transmit         a PRS. A signal transmitted by a m-th AN at a time t, for         example, a PRS may be expressed by x_(m)(t).     -   Radio channel between a m-th AN and an i-th UE: h_(mi)(t)     -   Received signal of a UE which has received a signal transmitted         by a m-th AN: y_(mi)(t)=h_(mi)(t)*x_(m)(t−τ_(m))+n(t), where,         n(t) denotes noise, and τ_(m) ^(i) means a radio wave reception         delay time according to the distance when the i-th UE receives         the PRS transmitted by the m-th AN. In addition, * may denote         convolution or multiplication. At this time, the delay time         includes propagation delay between the UE and the AN, processing         delay and synchronization error.     -   Difference between points in times when the i-th UE receives         signals transmitted by the m-th AN and a n-th AN: {circumflex         over (τ)}_(m) ^(i)−{circumflex over (τ)}_(n) ^(i), where,         {circumflex over (τ)}_(m) ^(i) denotes a delay time estimation         value of a signal received by the i-th UE from the m-th AN, and         Δ_(m,n) denotes synchronization error between the m-th AN and         the n-th AN. Such measurement may be referred to as RSTD or         TDoA. Since synchronization error between two different ANs is         included in the measurements of the i-th UE, estimation error         corresponding thereto occurs in actual UE positioning.     -   Sidelink transmission mode 1 (sidelink mode 1) may be a mode in         which resource allocation is instructed by a base station.         Sidelink transmission mode 1 may be regarded as a centralized         mode. Radio resource used for direct communication of a UE may         be scheduled by a base station.     -   Sidelink transmission mode 2 (sidelink mode 2) may be a mode in         which a UE determines radio resource for sidelink communication         by itself. Sidelink transmission mode 2 may be regarded as a         distributed mode.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 11, an embodiment of the present disclosure proposes a method of measuring a location of a first user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system including the first UE receiving predetermined information from a second UE (S1110) and the first UE measuring the location of the first UE based on the predetermined information (S1120).

The predetermined information may include information related to correction of a first reference signal timing difference (RSTD). The information related to correction of the first RSTD may be a combination of second RSTD information of the second UE and location information of the second UE. Alternatively, the information related to correction of the first RSTD may include one or more of the second RSTD of the second UE or the location information of the second UE. In this case, the second UE may be a UE which accurately knows the location thereof (more than a certain level). For example, the location of the second UE may be obtained through a GPS. That is, the location of the second UE may be accurately measured through the GPS. In this case, the first UE may remove synchronization error between anchor nodes used to measure the first RSTD information. In this case, in the following description, it is possible to reduce the method/step/related signaling of removing a synchronization error component.

Alternatively, the predetermined information received from the second UE may include second RSTD information. Here, the first RSTD information may be information including synchronization error among a plurality of base stations, which is obtained by the first UE, and the second RSTD may be information including synchronization error among the same plurality of base stations, which is obtained by the second UE.

In addition, the measuring the location of the first UE may further include the first UE measuring the location of the first UE based on the first RSTD information of the first UE and the second RSTD information included in the predetermined information. In addition, the measuring the location of the first UE may include measuring the location of the first UE based on the first RSTD information, the second RSTD information and the location information of the second UE (that is, further based on the location information of the second UE). To this end, the method may further include the first UE receiving the location information of the second UE from the second UE.

In addition, an embodiment of the present disclosure may include at least one of the following operations.

For example, the UE may signal a reference signal timing difference (RSTD) value measured by a plurality of fixed nodes (e.g., anchor nodes) to other neighboring UEs through a physical layer or higher layer signal. This operation may be referred to as RSTD sharing or RSTD broadcasting. To this end, a network (e.g., a base station such as an eNB or a gNB) may indicate/transmit information on an RSTD set to be measured and shared to a specific UE through a physical layer or higher layer signal.

The UE, which has received the same, may compute a difference between the RSTD value {circumflex over (τ)}_(m) ^(i)−{circumflex over (τ)}_(n) ^(i)+Δ_(m,n) measured thereby and an RSTD value measured by another UE, thereby removing a synchronization error component between ANs. Here, the difference between the RSTD values may be a difference in RSTD value (e.g., RSTD difference) for the same ANs (e.g., a m-th AN and a n-th AN).

For example, a difference in RSTD measurement value between a UE i and a UE j for an AN m and an AN n may be expressed by Equation 3 below. The UE may remove synchronization error between ANs through the RSTD difference as shown in Equation 3. For example, in the method of FIG. 11, the measuring the location of the first UE may further include measuring the location of the first UE by removing synchronization error among the plurality of base stations based on the first RSTD information and the second RSTD information.

{circumflex over (τ)}_(m) ^(i)−{circumflex over (τ)}_(n) ^(i)+Δ_(m,n)−({circumflex over (τ)}_(m) ^(j)−{circumflex over (τ)}_(n) ^(j))−Δ_(m,n)={circumflex over (τ)}_(m) ^(i)−{circumflex over (τ)}_(n) ^(i)−({circumflex over (τ)}_(m) ^(j)−{circumflex over (τ)}_(n) ^(j))  [Equation 3]

At this time, when the RSTD difference is computed through RSTD sharing of the UE i and the UE j, the following condition needs to be satisfied in order for the two UEs to grasp the locations of each other.

First, the number of independent RSTD differences needs to be greater than the number of unknowns to be obtained. For example, when trying to obtain 2D coordinates (x, y) values (x1, x2, y1, y2) of two UEs, the number of unknowns is a total of 4. ({circumflex over (τ)}_(m) ^(i)−{circumflex over (τ)}_(n) ^(i)−({circumflex over (τ)}_(m) ^(j)−{circumflex over (Σ)}_(n) ^(j))) At this time, when an RSTD is computed from two anchor nodes and a difference is computed from the same, one equation shown in Equation 1 may be obtained. Since the number of unknowns is 4, four or more equations are necessary to obtain the unknowns. When the number of ANs is three, the number of independent RSTD differences is 2. When the number of ANs is four, the number of independent RSTD differences is 4−1, that is, 3. In other words, when the number of ANs is N, the number of independent RSTD differences is N−1. That is, when the RSTD is measured from five or more ANs and is shared with neighboring UEs, it is possible to compute a location between two different UEs at once. It is possible to estimate the locations of two different UEs using the AN location information and the RSTD difference.

An embodiment including such operation provides the following technical effects.

Through the above-described method, the method of measuring the location of the UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is not affected by synchronization error between ANs. Accordingly, as efforts and operation for synchronization of AN are not necessary, it is possible to provide a technical effect of reducing AN installation cost and complexity.

In addition, the method may further include the first UE receiving a reference signal from the plurality of base stations, and the first UE obtaining the first RSTD information based on the received reference signal. The second UE receives a reference signal from a plurality of base stations and obtains second RSTD information. In addition, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a technical effect that the UEs may directly compute the locations of each other by sharing the measured RSTD values without signaling of the network (e.g., the base station such as the eNB or gNB). For example, the method of FIG. 11 may further include the first UE transmitting a first reference signal to the plurality of base stations, the first UE receiving a feedback signal from the plurality of base stations (in response to the first reference signal), and the first UE obtaining the first RSTD information based on the received feedback signal. In addition, the method of FIG. 11 may further include the second UE transmitting a second reference signal to the plurality of base stations, the second UE receiving a feedback signal from the plurality of base stations (in response to the second reference signal), the second UE obtaining the second RSTD information based on the received feedback signal, and the second UE transmitting/sharing the second RSTD (and the location information of the second UE) to/with the first UE.

Accordingly, the embodiment of the present disclosure provides a technical effect of reducing a delay time required for a UE to report an RSTD measurement value to a network and to receive a location thereof and location information of another UE again.

In addition, the embodiment of the present disclosure provides a technical effect of directly computing a distance from a counterpart UE by sharing an RSTD (measurement) value.

In summary, an embodiment of the present disclosure proposes a method of, by one UE, simultaneously estimating a location thereof and a location of another UE (e.g., a neighboring UE or a D2D UE) through at least one of the following operations steps 1-1 to 1-4.

Step 1-1) ANs transmit PRSs to a UE.

Step 1-2) The UE measures an RSTD value with respect to a combination of specific different ANs.

Step 1-3) The UE signals the RSTD measured thereby to other neighboring UEs through a physical signal or higher layer signal.

Step 1-4) The UE may compute a difference in the RSTD measurement value from a UE, a location of which is desired to be measured, to remove a synchronization error component between ANs and then simultaneously estimate the location thereof and the location of the counterpart UE using an independent RSTD difference.

In the above operation, step 1-3 may be performed through sidelink signal transmission/reception, and the present disclosure may be summarized in i) operation of removing sync error between ANs and ii) operation of simultaneously estimating the location of another UE through a combination method of downlink (DL) and sidelink (SL).

If the UE wants to obtain/estimate three-dimensional location information (e.g., x, y and z coordinates), three unknowns thereof and three unknowns of another UE need to be simultaneously obtained. That is, in order to solve an equation having six unknowns, six or more independent RSTD differences need to be measured. To this end, signals need to be received from seven or more ANs. Since a problem of receiving signals from many neighboring ANs may occur, in order to solve this problem, the UE may directly signal altitude information (or height information or z-axis information) thereof to another UE. For example, the UE, which has measured the height thereof through a barometer (e.g., a pressure sensor and/or a barometer), may transmit the altitude information (or height information or z-axis information) thereof when sharing RSTD information, such that estimation of the altitude information of the UE is not required. Through such a process, an embodiment of the present disclosure can provide a technical effect of reducing the number of fixed nodes (e.g., ANs) to be measured by the UE.

In relation to the above description, the first UE may obtain altitude information of the first UE and obtain altitude information of the second UE from the second UE, and the first UE may obtain three-dimensional location information of the first UE based on the first RSTD information, the second RSTD and the obtained altitude information of the first UE and the altitude information of the second UE. Here, the first UE may obtain the altitude information of the first UE based at least one of the pressure sensor or the barometer, and the second UE may obtain the altitude information of the second UE based on at least one of the pressure sensor or the barometer.

Meanwhile, step 1-3 and step 1-4 may be implemented by a method of, by a UE, reporting measurement results thereof to an AN and/or server (e.g., a location server) and, by the AN and/or the server (e.g., the location server), estimating locations of two specific UEs through the RSTD difference computation and/or location estimation computation, instead of operation performed by the UE signaling the measurement value thereof to neighboring UEs.

Meanwhile, in performing the RSTD difference measurement result sharing operation, if another UE knows the location thereof through its another positioning mechanism, for example, a GPS, the above proposed method may be used for the purpose of more accurately grasping the absolute location of the other UE. In addition, UEs share the RSTD measurement result with a specific UE which accurately knows the location thereof or a specific AN or, conversely, a UE which accurately knows the location thereof or an AN shares the RSTD measurement result value and the accurate location information thereof with neighboring UEs through physical layer or higher layer signaling, thereby removing synchronization error between the ANs and, at the same time, reducing the number of ANs to be measured. That is, when the specific UE accurately knows the location thereof, the synchronization error component between the ANs may be reduced using the RSTD (measurement) value of the UE and the number of unknowns to be obtained is two-dimensional location information (e.g., x and y coordinates) of a UE, a location of which is unknown, thereby reducing the number of ANs to be measured.

To this end, an embodiment of the present disclosure proposes a method including at least one of the following operations (step 2-1 to 2-4).

Step 2-1) An AN transmits a PRS.

Step 2-2) A UE measures an RSTD value with respect to a combination of specific different ANs.

Step 2-3) i) a UE which accurately knows the location thereof, ii) a UE which determines that positioning error is less than a certain threshold or iii) a special UE having a fixed location signals the RSTD (measurement) value thereof and the location information thereof to neighboring UEs through a physical layer or higher layer signal.

Step 2-4) The UE computes the RSTD (measurement) value and the RSTD difference to estimate the location thereof, using the RSTD (measurement) value and the location information of the UE shared in step 2-3.

The disclosed matters and/or embodiments of the present disclosure may be regarded as one proposed method or a combination of the disclosed matters and/or embodiments may be regarded as a new method. In addition, the disclosed matters are not limited to the embodiments of the present disclosures and are not limited to a specific system. All (parameters) and/or (operations) and/or (a combination of each parameter and/or operation) and/or (whether to apply the corresponding parameter and/or operation) and/or (whether to apply a combination of each parameter and/or operation) of the present disclosure may be (pre)configured through higher layer signaling and/or physical layer signaling from a base station to a UE or may be predefined in a system. In addition, each of matters of the present disclosure may be defined as one operation mode, and one of the matters may be (pre)configured through higher layer signaling and/or physical layer signaling from a base station to a UE, such that the base station operates according to the corresponding operation mode. A transmit time interval (TTI) or a resource unit for signal transmission of the present disclosure may correspond to units having various lengths, such as basic unit which is a basic transmission unit or sub-slot/slot/subframe, and the UE of the present disclosure may correspond to devices having various shapes, such as a vehicle, pedestrian UE, etc. In addition, operation of a UE and/or a base station and/or a road side unit (RSU) of the present disclosure is not limited to each device type and is applicable to different types of devices. For example, in the present disclosure, a matter described as operation of a base station is applicable to operation of a UE. Alternatively, a matter applied to direct communication between UEs in the present disclosure may be used between a UE and a base station (for example, uplink or downlink). At this time, the proposed method may be used in communication between a UE and a special UE such as a UE type RSU, a relay node or a base station or communication between special types of wireless devices. In addition, in the above description, the base station may be replaced with a relay node or a UE-type RSU.

Example of Communication System to which the Present Disclosure Applies

The various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts of the present disclosure described in this document may be applied to, without being limited to, various fields requiring wireless communication/connection (e.g., 5G) between devices.

Hereinafter, a description will be given in more detail with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings/description, the same reference symbols may denote the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks unless described otherwise.

FIG. 12 shows a communication system 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 12, a communication system to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes wireless devices, Base Stations (BSs), and a network. Herein, the wireless devices represent devices performing communication using Radio Access Technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G New RAT (NR)) or Long-Term Evolution (LTE)) and may be referred to as communication/radio/5G devices. The wireless devices may include, without being limited to, a robot (100 a), vehicles (100 b-1, 100 b-2), an eXtended Reality (XR) device (100 c), a hand-held device (100 d), a home appliance (100 e), an Internet of Things (IoT) device (100 f), and an Artificial Intelligence (AI) device/server (400). For example, the vehicles may include a vehicle having a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, and a vehicle capable of performing communication between vehicles. Herein, the vehicles may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). The XR device may include an Augmented Reality (AR)/Virtual Reality (VR)/Mixed Reality (MR) device and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) mounted in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance device, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The hand-held device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch or a smartglasses), and a computer (e.g., a notebook). The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, and a washing machine. The IoT device may include a sensor and a smartmeter. For example, the BSs and the network may be implemented as wireless devices and a specific wireless device (200 a) may operate as a BS/network node with respect to other wireless devices.

The wireless devices (100 a˜100 f) may be connected to the network (300) via the BSs (200). An AI technology may be applied to the wireless devices (100 a˜100 f) and the wireless devices (100 a˜100 f) may be connected to the AI server (400) via the network (300). The network (300) may be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. Although the wireless devices (100 a˜100 f) may communicate with each other through the BSs (200)/network (300), the wireless devices (100 a˜100 f) may perform direct communication (e.g., sidelink communication) with each other without passing through the BSs/network. For example, the vehicles (100 b-1, 100 b-2) may perform direct communication (e.g., Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V)/Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). The IoT device (e.g., a sensor) may perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100 a˜100 f).

Wireless communication/connections (150 a, 150 b, 150 c) may be established between the wireless devices (100 a˜1000/BS (200), or BS (200)/BS (200). Herein, the wireless communication/connections may be established through various RATs (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink/downlink communication (150 a), sidelink communication (150 b) (or, D2D communication), or inter BS communication (e.g. relay, Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB)). The wireless devices and the BSs/the wireless devices may transmit/receive radio signals to/from each other through the wireless communication/connections (150 a, 150 b). For example, the wireless communication/connections (150 a, 150 b) may transmit/receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least a part of various configuration information configuring processes, various signal processing processes (e g, channel encoding/decoding, modulation/demodulation, and resource mapping/demapping), and resource allocating processes, for transmitting/receiving radio signals, may be performed based on the various proposals of the present disclosure.

Examples of Wireless Devices to which the Present Disclosure Applies

FIG. 13 shows wireless devices in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 13, a first wireless device (100) and a second wireless device (200) may transmit radio signals through various RATs (e.g., LTE and NR). Herein, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200)} may correspond to {the wireless device (100 x) and the BS (200)} and/or {the wireless device (100 x) and the wireless device (100 x)} of FIG. 12.

The first wireless device (100) may include one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104) and additionally further include one or more transceivers (106) and/or one or more antennas (108). The processor(s) (102) may control the memory(s) (104) and/or the transceiver(s) (106) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor(s) (102) may be configured to perform at least one of the methods described above with reference to FIG. 11. For example, the processor(s) (102) may be configured to control the transceiver(s) (106) to receive predetermined information from a second UE and to measure the location of the first wireless device 100 based on the predetermined information. In addition, the predetermined information may be configured to include second reference signal timing difference (RSTD) information of the second wireless device 200. In addition, the processor 102 may be configured to measure the location of the first wireless device 100 based on the first RSTD information of the first wireless device 100 and second RSTD information included in the predetermined information.

In addition, the processor(s) (102) may process information within the memory(s) (104) to generate first information/signals and then transmit radio signals including the first information/signals through the transceiver(s) (106). The processor(s) (102) may receive radio signals including second information/signals through the transceiver (106) and then store information obtained by processing the second information/signals in the memory(s) (104). The memory(s) (104) may be connected to the processor(s) (102) and may store various information related to operations of the processor(s) (102). For example, the memory(s) (104) may store software code including commands for performing a part or the entirety of processes controlled by the processor(s) (102) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. Herein, the processor(s) (102) and the memory(s) (104) may be a part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver(s) (106) may be connected to the processor(s) (102) and transmit and/or receive radio signals through one or more antennas (108). Each of the transceiver(s) (106) may include a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver(s) (106) may be interchangeably used with Radio Frequency (RF) unit(s). In the present disclosure, the wireless device may represent a communication modem/circuit/chip.

The second wireless device (200) may include one or more processors (202) and one or more memories (204) and additionally further include one or more transceivers (206) and/or one or more antennas (208). The processor(s) (202) may control the memory(s) (204) and/or the transceiver(s) (206) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor(s) (202) may process information within the memory(s) (204) to generate third information/signals and then transmit radio signals including the third information/signals through the transceiver(s) (206). The processor(s) (202) may receive radio signals including fourth information/signals through the transceiver(s) (106) and then store information obtained by processing the fourth information/signals in the memory(s) (204). The memory(s) (204) may be connected to the processor(s) (202) and may store various information related to operations of the processor(s) (202). For example, the memory(s) (204) may store software code including commands for performing a part or the entirety of processes controlled by the processor(s) (202) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. Herein, the processor(s) (202) and the memory(s) (204) may be a part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver(s) (206) may be connected to the processor(s) (202) and transmit and/or receive radio signals through one or more antennas (208). Each of the transceiver(s) (206) may include a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver(s) (206) may be interchangeably used with RF unit(s). In the present disclosure, the wireless device may represent a communication modem/circuit/chip.

Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless devices (100, 200) will be described more specifically. One or more protocol layers may be implemented by, without being limited to, one or more processors (102, 202). For example, the one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, and SDAP). The one or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and/or one or more Service Data Unit (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. The one or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. The one or more processors (102, 202) may generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document and provide the generated signals to the one or more transceivers (106, 206). The one or more processors (102, 202) may receive the signals (e.g., baseband signals) from the one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain the PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document.

The one or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. The one or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. As an example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in the one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software and the firmware or software may be configured to include the modules, procedures, or functions. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be included in the one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in the one or more memories (104, 204) so as to be driven by the one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, commands, and/or a set of commands.

The one or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to the one or more processors (102, 202) and store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and/or commands. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be configured by Read-Only Memories (ROMs), Random Access Memories (RAMs), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memories (EPROMs), flash memories, hard drives, registers, cash memories, computer-readable storage media, and/or combinations thereof. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be located at the interior and/or exterior of the one or more processors (102, 202). The one or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to the one or more processors (102, 202) through various technologies such as wired or wireless connection.

The one or more transceivers (106, 206) may transmit user data, control information, and/or radio signals/channels, mentioned in the methods and/or operational flowcharts of this document, to one or more other devices. The one or more transceivers (106, 206) may receive user data, control information, and/or radio signals/channels, mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document, from one or more other devices. For example, the one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to the one or more processors (102, 202) and transmit and receive radio signals. For example, the one or more processors (102, 202) may perform control so that the one or more transceivers (106, 206) may transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to one or more other devices. The one or more processors (102, 202) may perform control so that the one or more transceivers (106, 206) may receive user data, control information, or radio signals from one or more other devices. The one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to the one or more antennas (108, 208) and the one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, and/or radio signals/channels, mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document, through the one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, the one or more antennas may be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). The one or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert received radio signals/channels, etc., from RF band signals into baseband signals in order to process received user data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc., using the one or more processors (102, 202). The one or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert the user data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc., processed using the one or more processors (102, 202) from the base band signals into the RF band signals. To this end, the one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include (analog) oscillators and/or filters.

Signal Processing Circuit Example to which the Present Disclosure Applies

FIG. 14 shows a signal process circuit for a transmission signal in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 14, a signal processing circuit (1000) may include scramblers (1010), modulators (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), resource mappers (1050), and signal generators (1060). An operation/function of FIG. 14 may be performed, without being limited to, the processors (102, 202) and/or the transceivers (106, 206) of FIG. 13. Hardware elements of FIG. 14 may be implemented by the processors (102, 202) and/or the transceivers (106, 206) of FIG. 13. For example, blocks 1010˜1060 may be implemented by the processors (102, 202) of FIG. 13. Alternatively, the blocks 1010˜1050 may be implemented by the processors (102, 202) of FIG. 13 and the block 1060 may be implemented by the transceivers (106, 206) of FIG. 13.

Codewords may be converted into radio signals via the signal processing circuit (1000) of FIG. 14. Herein, the codewords are encoded bit sequences of information blocks. The information blocks may include transport blocks (e.g., a UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transport block). The radio signals may be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., a PUSCH and a PDSCH).

Specifically, the codewords may be converted into scrambled bit sequences by the scramblers (1010). Scramble sequences used for scrambling may be generated based on an initialization value, and the initialization value may include ID information of a wireless device. The scrambled bit sequences may be modulated to modulation symbol sequences by the modulators (1020). A modulation scheme may include pi/2-Binary Phase Shift Keying (pi/2-BPSK), m-Phase Shift Keying (m-PSK), and m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (m-QAM). Complex modulation symbol sequences may be mapped to one or more transport layers by the layer mapper (1030). Modulation symbols of each transport layer may be mapped (precoded) to corresponding antenna port(s) by the precoder (1040). Outputs z of the precoder (1040) may be obtained by multiplying outputs y of the layer mapper (1030) by an N*M precoding matrix W. Herein, N is the number of antenna ports and M is the number of transport layers. The precoder (1040) may perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT) for complex modulation symbols. Alternatively, the precoder (1040) may perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

The resource mappers (1050) may map modulation symbols of each antenna port to time-frequency resources. The time-frequency resources may include a plurality of symbols (e.g., a CP-OFDMA symbols and DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and a plurality of subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generators (1060) may generate radio signals from the mapped modulation symbols and the generated radio signals may be transmitted to other devices through each antenna. For this purpose, the signal generators (1060) may include Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) modules, Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserters, Digital-to-Analog Converters (DACs), and frequency up-converters.

Signal processing procedures for a signal received in the wireless device may be configured in a reverse manner of the signal processing procedures (1010˜1060) of FIG. 28. For example, the wireless devices (e.g., 100, 200 of FIG. 27) may receive radio signals from the exterior through the antenna ports/transceivers. The received radio signals may be converted into baseband signals through signal restorers. To this end, the signal restorers may include frequency downlink converters, Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs), CP remover, and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) modules. Next, the baseband signals may be restored to codewords through a resource demapping procedure, a postcoding procedure, a demodulation processor, and a descrambling procedure. The codewords may be restored to original information blocks through decoding. Therefore, a signal processing circuit (not illustrated) for a reception signal may include signal restorers, resource demappers, a postcoder, demodulators, descramblers, and decoders.

Example of Using Wireless Device, to which the Present Disclosure Applies

FIG. 15 is a block diagram illustrating a wireless device, to which an embodiment of the present disclosure is applicable. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms according to a use-case/service (refer to FIGS. 12 and 16 to 18).

Referring to FIG. 15, wireless devices (100, 200) may correspond to the wireless devices (100, 200) of FIG. 13 and may be configured by various elements, components, units/portions, and/or modules. For example, each of the wireless devices (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and additional components (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include the one or more processors (102, 202) and/or the one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 13. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include the one or more transceivers (106, 206) and/or the one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 13. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory (130), and the additional components (140) and controls overall operation of the wireless devices. For example, the control unit (120) may control an electric/mechanical operation of the wireless device based on programs/code/commands/information stored in the memory unit (130). The control unit (120) may transmit the information stored in the memory unit (130) to the exterior (e.g., other communication devices) via the communication unit (110) through a wireless/wired interface or store, in the memory unit (130), information received through the wireless/wired interface from the exterior (e.g., other communication devices) via the communication unit (110). For example, the control unit (120) may be configured to perform at least one of the methods described above with reference to FIGS. 10 and 11. For example, the control unit (120) may be configured to control the communication unit (110) to receive control information from at least one wireless device (200) and to transmit a reference signal to the plurality of base stations based on the control information. Herein, the control information may include information indicating transmission of the reference signal to the wireless device (100) with maximum power. In addition, the location of the wireless device (100) may be configured to be measured by at least one wireless device (200) based on the reference signal.

The additional components (140) may be variously configured according to types of wireless devices. For example, the additional components (140) may include at least one of a power unit/battery, input/output (I/O) unit, a driving unit, and a computing unit. The wireless device may be implemented in the form of, without being limited to, the robot (100 a of FIG. 12), the vehicles (100 b-1 and 100 b-2 of FIG. 12), the XR device (100 c of FIG. 12), the hand-held device (100 d of FIG. 12), the home appliance (100 e of FIG. 12), the IoT device (100 f of FIG. 12), a digital broadcast terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medicine device, a fintech device (or a finance device), a security device, a climate/environment device, the AI server/device (400 of FIG. 12), the BSs (200 of FIG. 12), a network node, etc. The wireless device may be used in a mobile or fixed place according to a use-example/service.

In FIG. 15, the entirety of the various elements, components, units/portions, and/or modules in the wireless devices (100, 200) may be connected to each other through a wired interface or at least a part thereof may be wirelessly connected through the communication unit (110). For example, in each of the wireless devices (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be connected by wire and the control unit (120) and first units (e.g., 130, 140) may be wirelessly connected through the communication unit (110). Each element, component, unit/portion, and/or module within the wireless devices (100, 200) may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be configured by a set of one or more processors. As an example, the control unit (120) may be configured by a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an Electronic Control Unit (ECU), a graphical processing unit, and a memory control processor. As another example, the memory (130) may be configured by a Random Access Memory (RAM), a Dynamic RAM (DRAM), a Read Only Memory (ROM)), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and/or a combination thereof.

Hereinafter, an example of implementing FIG. 15 will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

Examples of Mobile Devices to which the Present Disclosure Applies

FIG. 16 shows a hand-held device in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The hand-held device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch or a smartglasses), or a portable computer (e.g., a notebook). The hand-held device may be referred to as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), or a Wireless Terminal (WT).

Referring to FIG. 16, a hand-held device (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), a power supply unit (140 a), an interface unit (140 b), and an I/O unit (140 c). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110˜130/140 a˜140 c correspond to the blocks 110˜130/140 of FIG. 15, respectively.

The communication unit (110) may transmit and receive signals (e.g., data and control signals) to and from other wireless devices or BSs. The control unit (120) may perform various operations by controlling constituent elements of the hand-held device (100). The control unit (120) may include an Application Processor (AP). The memory unit (130) may store data/parameters/programs/code/commands needed to drive the hand-held device (100). The memory unit (130) may store input/output data/information. The power supply unit (140 a) may supply power to the hand-held device (100) and include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The interface unit (140 b) may support connection of the hand-held device (100) to other external devices. The interface unit (140 b) may include various ports (e.g., an audio I/O port and a video I/O port) for connection with external devices. The I/O unit (140 c) may input or output video information/signals, audio information/signals, data, and/or information input by a user. The I/O unit (140 c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (140 d), a speaker, and/or a haptic module.

As an example, in the case of data communication, the I/O unit (140 c) may obtain information/signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, images, or video) input by a user and the obtained information/signals may be stored in the memory unit (130). The communication unit (110) may convert the information/signals stored in the memory into radio signals and transmit the converted radio signals to other wireless devices directly or to a BS. The communication unit (110) may receive radio signals from other wireless devices or the BS and then restore the received radio signals into original information/signals. The restored information/signals may be stored in the memory unit (130) and may be output as various types (e.g., text, voice, images, video, or haptic) through the I/O unit (140 c).

Examples of Vehicles or Autonomous Vehicles to which the Present Disclosure Applies

FIG. 17 shows a vehicle or an autonomous vehicle in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The vehicle or autonomous vehicle may be implemented by a mobile robot, a car, a train, a manned/unmanned Aerial Vehicle (AV), a ship, etc.

Referring to FIG. 17, a vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a driving unit (140 a), a power supply unit (140 b), a sensor unit (140 c), and an autonomous driving unit (140 d). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). The blocks 110/130/140 a-140 d correspond to the blocks 110/130/140 of FIG. 15, respectively.

The communication unit (110) may transmit and receive signals (e.g., data and control signals) to and from external devices such as other vehicles, BSs (e.g., gNBs and road side units), and servers. The control unit (120) may perform various operations by controlling elements of the vehicle or the autonomous vehicle (100). The control unit (120) may include an Electronic Control Unit (ECU). For example, the control unit (120) may be configured to perform at least one of the methods described above with reference to FIGS. 10 and 11. For example, the control unit (120) may be configured to control the communication unit (110) to receive predetermined information from the device 200 and to measure the location of the vehicle or the autonomous vehicle 100 based on the predetermined information. In addition, the predetermined information may be configured to include second reference signal timing difference (RSTD) information of the device 200. In addition, the processor 102 may be configured to measure the location of the vehicle or the autonomous vehicle 100 based on the first RSTD information of the vehicle or the autonomous vehicle 100 and the second RSTD information included in the predetermined information.

The driving unit (140 a) may cause the vehicle or the autonomous vehicle (100) to drive on a road. The driving unit (140 a) may include an engine, a motor, a powertrain, a wheel, a brake, a steering device, etc. The power supply unit (140 b) may supply power to the vehicle or the autonomous vehicle (100) and include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The sensor unit (140 c) may obtain a vehicle state, ambient environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit (140 c) may include an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, a slope sensor, a weight sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, a vehicle forward/backward sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an illumination sensor, a pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit (140 d) may implement technology for maintaining a lane on which a vehicle is driving, technology for automatically adjusting speed, such as adaptive cruise control, technology for autonomously driving along a determined path, technology for driving by automatically setting a path if a destination is set, and the like.

For example, the communication unit (110) may receive map data, traffic information data, etc., from an external server. The autonomous driving unit (140 d) may generate an autonomous driving path and a driving plan from the obtained data. The control unit (120) may control the driving unit (140 a) such that the vehicle or the autonomous vehicle (100) may move along the autonomous driving path according to the driving plan (e.g., speed/direction control). In the middle of autonomous driving, the communication unit (110) may aperiodically/periodically obtain recent traffic information data from the external server and obtain surrounding traffic information data from neighboring vehicles. In the middle of autonomous driving, the sensor unit (140 c) may obtain a vehicle state and/or surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit (140 d) may update the autonomous driving path and the driving plan based on the newly obtained data/information. The communication unit (110) may transfer information on a vehicle position, the autonomous driving path, and/or the driving plan to the external server. The external server may predict traffic information data using AI technology, etc., based on the information collected from vehicles or autonomous vehicles and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicles or the autonomous vehicles.

AR/VR and Vehicle Example, to which the Present Disclosure Applies

FIG. 18 is a view showing a vehicle, to which another embodiment of the present disclosure is applicable. The vehicle may be implemented as a transport means, an aerial vehicle, a ship, etc.

Referring to FIG. 18, a vehicle (100) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), an I/O unit (140 a), and a positioning unit (140 b). Herein, the blocks 110˜130/140 a˜140 b correspond to blocks 110˜130/140 of FIG. 15.

The communication unit (110) may transmit and receive signals (e.g., data and control signals) to and from external devices such as other vehicles or BSs. The control unit (120) may perform various operations by controlling constituent elements of the vehicle (100). The memory unit (130) may store data/parameters/programs/code/commands for supporting various functions of the vehicle (100). The I/O unit (140 a) may output an AR/VR object based on information within the memory unit (130). The I/O unit (140 a) may include an HUD. The positioning unit (140 b) may obtain information on the position of the vehicle (100). The position information may include information on an absolute position of the vehicle (100), information on the position of the vehicle (100) within a traveling lane, acceleration information, and information on the position of the vehicle (100) from a neighboring vehicle. The positioning unit (140 b) may include a GPS and various sensors.

As an example, the communication unit (110) of the vehicle (100) may receive map information and traffic information from an external server and store the received information in the memory unit (130). The positioning unit (140 b) may obtain the vehicle position information through the GPS and various sensors and store the obtained information in the memory unit (130). The control unit (120) may generate a virtual object based on the map information, traffic information, and vehicle position information and the I/O unit (140 a) may display the generated virtual object in a window in the vehicle (1410, 1420). The control unit (120) may determine whether the vehicle (100) normally drives within a traveling lane, based on the vehicle position information. If the vehicle (100) abnormally exits from the traveling lane, the control unit (120) may display a warning on the window in the vehicle through the I/O unit (140 a). In addition, the control unit (120) may broadcast a warning message regarding driving abnormity to neighboring vehicles through the communication unit (110). According to situation, the control unit (120) may transmit the vehicle position information and the information on driving/vehicle abnormality to related organizations.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present disclosure may be carried out in other specific ways than those set forth herein without departing from the spirit and essential characteristics of the present disclosure. The above exemplary embodiments are therefore to be construed in all aspects as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the disclosure should be determined by the appended claims and their legal equivalents, not by the above description, and all changes coming within the meaning and equivalency range of the appended claims are intended to be embraced therein. Moreover, it will be apparent that some claims referring to specific claims may be combined with another claims referring to the other claims other than the specific claims to constitute the embodiment or add new claims by means of amendment after the application is filed.

In this disclosure, the embodiments of the present disclosure have been described centering on a data transmission and reception relationship between a UE and a BS. Such a transmission/reception relationship extends equally/similarly to signal transmission/reception between a terminal and a relay or between a base station and a relay. In this disclosure, a specific operation described as performed by the BS may be performed by an upper node of the BS. Namely, it is apparent that, in a network comprised of a plurality of network nodes including a BS, various operations performed for communication with a UE may be performed by the BS, or network nodes other than the BS. The term BS may be replaced with the terms fixed station, Node B, eNode B (eNB), gNode B (gNB), access point, etc. The term terminal may also be replaced with a user equipment (UE), a mobile station (MS) or a mobile subscriber station (MSS).

The embodiments of the present disclosure may be achieved by various techniques, for example, hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. In the case of implementing the present disclosure by hardware, the present disclosure can be implemented with application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), Digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, etc.

In a firmware or software configuration, the implementations of the present disclosure may be implemented in the form of a module, a procedure, a function, etc. Software code may be stored in the memory unit and executed by the processor. The memory unit may be located inside or outside the processor and may transmit data to and receive data from the processor via various known means.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present disclosure may be carried out in other specific ways than those set forth herein without departing from the spirit and essential characteristics of the present disclosure. The above embodiments are therefore to be construed in all aspects as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the disclosure should be determined by the appended claims and their legal equivalents, not by the above description, and all changes coming within the meaning and equivalency range of the appended claims are intended to be embraced therein. 

1. A method of measuring a location of a first user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, the method comprising: the first UE receiving predetermined information from a second UE; and the first UE measuring the location of the first UE based on the predetermined information, wherein the predetermined information comprises information related to correction of a first reference signal timing difference (RSTD).
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the information related to correction of the first RSTD comprises one or more of second RSTD information of the second UE or location information of the second UE.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first UE removes synchronization error between anchor nodes used to measure first RSTD information based on the information related to correction of the first RSTD.
 4. The method of claim 2, wherein a location of the second UE is obtained through a global positioning system (GPS).
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the predetermined information is control information including second RSTD information of the second UE, and wherein the measuring the location of the first UE comprises the first UE measuring the location of the first UE based on first RSTD information of the first UE and second RSTD information included in the predetermined information.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the first RSTD information is information including synchronization error among a plurality of base stations, which is obtained by the first UE, and wherein the second RSTD is information including synchronization error among the same plurality of base stations, which is obtained by the second UE.
 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the measuring the location of the first UE further comprises measuring the location of the first UE, by removing synchronization error among the plurality of base stations based on the first RSTD information and the second RSTD information.
 8. The method of claim 6, further comprising: the first UE receiving a reference signal from the plurality of base stations; and the first UE obtaining the first RSTD information based on the received reference signal, wherein the second UE receives a reference signal from a plurality of base stations and obtains second RSTD information.
 9. The method of claim 5, further comprising the first UE receiving location information of the second UE from the second UE, wherein the measuring the location of the first UE comprises measuring the location of the first UE further based on the location information of the second UE.
 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the second UE is a UE which obtains the location information of the second UE, a UE having positioning error less than a threshold or a fixed UE.
 11. The method of claim 5, further comprising: the first UE obtaining altitude information of the first UE and obtaining altitude information of the second UE from the second UE; and the first UE obtaining three-dimensional location information of the first UE based on the first RSTD information, the second RSTD information, the obtained altitude information of the first UE and the altitude information of the second UE.
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the first UE obtains the altitude information of the first UE based on at least one of a pressure sensor or a barometer, and wherein the altitude information of the second UE is obtained by the second UE based on at least one of a pressure sensor or a barometer.
 13. A first user equipment (UE) of a wireless communication system, the first UE comprising: a transceiver; and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to receive predetermined information from a second UE and to measure a location of the first UE based on the predetermined information, wherein the predetermined information comprises information related to correction of a first reference signal timing difference (RSTD).
 14. The first UE of claim 13, wherein the first UE communicates with at least one of a mobile terminal, a network or an autonomous vehicle other than the device.
 15. The first UE of claim 13, wherein the first UE implements at least one advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) function based on a signal for controlling movement of the first UE. 